Language learners, writers, and even native speakers often pause when choosing between “backward” and “backwards.” Both look correct, both appear frequently in writing, and both relate to the same idea moving in the opposite direction. But the key differences lie in regional preference and grammatical function.
In this article, you’ll learn the meaning, usage, examples, grammar rules, and the main differences between backward and backwards, so you can use the right form every time. Whether you’re writing for a US audience, UK audience, or aiming for global clarity, this guide breaks everything down simply and professionally.
What Does “Backward” Mean?
Backward (without s) is a directional adjective and sometimes an adverb. It describes something facing or moving in the opposite direction.
Examples:
- A backward glance told her something was wrong.
- He took a step backward.
American English Preference:
In American English, “backward” is used both as an adjective and as an adverb.
Example:
- The car rolled backward.
What Does “Backwards” Mean?
Backwards (with s) is primarily an adverb, used to describe movement in reverse.
Examples:
- She walked backwards toward the door.
- The video played backwards by mistake.
British English Preference:
In British English, “backwards” is the 일반 (default) adverb form.
Backward vs Backwards: The Key Difference
| Feature | Backward | Backwards |
|---|---|---|
| Part of Speech | Adjective & Adverb | Adverb only |
| Main Usage | Direction / figurative expressions | Direction |
| American English | Preferred (adj + adv) | Less common |
| British English | Used as adjective | Preferred adverb |
| Example | “A backward step” / “Move backward” | “Move backwards” |
Which One Should You Use?
✔ If your audience is American → use backward
- He moved backward quickly.
✔ If your audience is British → use backwards
- He moved backwards quickly.
✔ If using as an adjective → use backward
- A backward idea (never backwards idea)
✔ For international clarity → use backward
Because it works as both an adjective and adverb, it avoids confusion.
How to Remember the Difference
Here are some simple tricks:
1. “Backward” ends cleanly → adjective
If you’re describing a noun, choose backward.
2. “Backwards” sounds like movement → adverb
If it answers how?, choose backwards.
3. Think: UK adds “s”
Just like “towards,” “forwards,” “afterwards,” etc.
4. American English likes the shorter form
Remove the “s” for US writing standards.
Examples in Sentences
Using Backward
- The backward design approach improved learning outcomes.
- He fell backward into the chair.
- Her backward glance showed hesitation.
Using Backwards
- The dancers moved backwards in perfect sync.
- He counted backwards from ten.
- The film played backwards for a moment.
Common Expressions Using “Backward”
These expressions always use backward, even in British English:
- Backward planning
- Backward compatibility
- Backward integration
- Backward-looking analysis
- Backward economy
Because these are all adjectival phrases, “backward” is the correct form.
Can “Backward” and “Backwards” Ever Be Interchangeable?
Yes — but only when they function as adverbs describing movement.
Examples (both correct depending on region):
- He stepped backward.
- He stepped backwards.
When functioning as adjectives, they are not interchangeable.
Incorrect: ❌ backwards policy
Correct: ✔ backward policy
Backward vs Backwards in Formal Writing
Academic Writing:
“Backward” is preferred for global clarity.
Example:
- A backward analysis was performed.
Technical Writing:
Always use backward (e.g., backward-compatible systems).
Creative Writing:
Either form is acceptable, depending on audience and tone.
Backward vs Backwards: Quick Summary
- Backward = adjective + adverb (US and general English)
- Backwards = adverb (mostly UK English)
- For formal, technical, and global writing → choose backward
- For UK audiences in casual contexts → backwards fits naturally
Final Thoughts
Although backward and backwards share the same meaning, the more suitable choice depends on grammar, region, and purpose. If you need a version that works everywhere and avoids errors, “backward” is the safest option. But if you’re writing in British English and want natural, conversational tone, “backwards” is perfectly correct.
